Solubility is a term that is used to find the quantity of solute dissolved within a specific solvent. In simple words, solubility is defined as the molarity of a particular substance in a solution that has been reached the chemical equilibrium state under a plenty of undissolved substance.
For this state, there must be unique temperature throughout the system and this is the reason why solubility is independent of temperature. If you wanted to represent the same formula mathematically then it could be given as –
Hence, solubility is defined as the state where maximum amount of solute can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. In most of the cases, the amount of solvent is around 100 grams and temperature are around 25 degree Celsius.
As soon as one ionic substance is dissolved in the water then it is broken down into ions and the total number of ions created are directly proportional to the ionic compound formula. The solution prepared with this process is usually saturated.
Solubility can be defined in ways – Solubility of Solids in Liquids and the Solubility of Gases in Liquids. It depends on the nature of solute and solvent. If there are polar solutes then they dissolve quickly in polar solvents. If solutes are non-polar in nature then they will dissolve quickly in non-polar solvents only.
Further, if the temperature is high then solubility will be higher for solids and vice versa. In the case of gases, if the temperature is higher then solubility will decrease and solubility will increase If the pressure increases.